Texas is number two among U.S. states in terms of area and
population. It is however, number one in the domestic oil industry,
which is one of the three most dangerous industrial occupations in terms
of asbestos exposure. BP Amoco, Chevron, Citgo, Esso, Exxon, Fina,
Gulf, Mobil and Shell are just some of the major corporations that own
and operate oil refineries where workers have contracted mesothelioma.
Agency of Toxic Substances and Disease Registry statistics indicate
that oil industry workers are among those at greatest risk of asbestos
diseases such as asbestosis or one of the forms of asbestos cancer, such
as mesotheliomaor lung cancer.
Oil refinery workers face asbestos cancer many of the same asbestos
risks as those who work in construction and industrial occupations.
Asbestos has many unique properties: it is heat-resistant,
flame-retardant and virtually impervious to chemical corrosion. Although
it is technically a form of rock, asbestos is soft and pliable, and
therefore can be used in everything from gaskets to protective gloves.
Petroleum is highly flammable, whether in crude form or in any of its
several stages of refinement. The dangers of working with
petrochemicals were made tragically clear in 2005, when an accident at a
BP refinery injured 100 people and killed 15. BP also acknowledged that
when Hurricane Rita touched down near Houston, winds caused
“significant wind damage” to the refinery’s insulation, spreading
asbestos fibers from the plant’s extensive steam system across the
region.
Asbestos-containing products were commonly used as insulation prior
to 1980. However, these materials become brittle over time; they start
to crumble and release fibers into the air (in this condition, it is
considered friable). This is what happened during the hurricane.
Asbestosinsulation was often used to protect the distillation
columns, pipes and conduits in these refineries, as well as work
surfaces and gaskets that were used in the assembly of various pieces of
equipment.
One definitive study was carried out by medical researchers in the
U.K. in 2003. This study tracked 45,000 oil industry workers who had
been employed for a period of at least one year during the
three-and-a-half-decade period between 1946 and 1971. The study included
all oil industry employees, including those who actually worked in the
refineries and those who were involved in delivery and distribution.
Workers in the first category suffered from “significantly elevated”
rates of malignant mesothelioma and other cancers when compared to the
general population. One definitive study was carried out by medical
researchers in the U.K. in 2003. This study tracked 45,000 oil industry
workers who had been employed for a period of at least one year during
the three-and-a-half-decade period between 1946 and 1971. The study
included all oil industry employees, including those who actually worked
in the refineries and those who were involved in delivery and
distribution. Workers in the first category suffered from “significantly
elevated” rates of malignant mesothelioma and other cancers when
compared to the general population.
Shipyards, power plants and chemical plants also make up a
substantial part of the Texas economy, and all three of these are known
to be industries in which occupational exposure to asbestos constitutes a
serious hazard.
Power plants especially have been shown to be dangerous to workers’
respiratory health. Asbestos is an excellent electrical insulator, and
was used in electrical conduits, wiring, electrical cloth as well as the
electrical machinery itself–turbines, generators and similar
components.
From the mid 1930s until the early 1980s, asbestos insulation was
used extensively in the construction of sea-going vessels. Asbestos
insulation could be found around pipes and other steam fittings, and was
used in fireproof doors as well as between decks as a noise deadener. A
recent study at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, Maryland,
confirmed the danger faced by shipyard employees in a study of 4,700
people who worked at a nearby Coast Guard facility. The research showed
that these workers faced a “small but significant excess mortality” from
lung cancer and mesothelioma.
Aside from the numerous industrial exposures, Texas has some
naturally-occurring serpentine deposits in the area of the Government
Canyon State Natural Area northwest of San Antonio. Serpentine is the
source of chrysotile asbestos, which made up 95% of the asbestos used in
industrial applications.
The diagnosis and treatment of asbestos-related cancers and other
diseases is gradually becoming a sub-specialty in the field of medicine
all its own. However, as of the present time, there is no medical degree
that is specific to asbestos-related practice. Most doctors focusing on
asbestos disease today are trained in oncology, thoracic surgery,
respiratory or occupational medicine, or some related field.
Today, between 25 and 30% of all Americans will get some form of
cancer during their lifetimes. There are many reasons for this,
including the modern lifestyle and the poisons that have been put into
the environment – of which asbestos is a prime example. The number of
clinics and hospitals that specialize in oncology have increased in
response to the growing number of patients.
A search through the Texas Federal District Court Cases for
asbestos-related personal injury product liability lawsuits,
particularly Texas mesothelioma lawsuits, brings up a list of more than
20 recent lawsuits from 2006 and 2007. The Kimberly Clark Company, the
Amoco Chemical Company, and the 3M Company are listed as defendants in
multiple cases, but there are a number of other cases unrelated to these
companies.
Texas is ranked seven in the U.S. for mesothelioma cases. With
mesothelioma mortality rates of 8.19 per million, Texas has a crude
mortality rank of 42 in the country.
One key asbestos case in Texas was the case filed by Texas
mesothelioma lawsuits in 2000, Pustejovsky v. Rapid-American Corp. In
this case, the Texas Supreme Court passed down a precedent-setting
opinion that a victim of asbestos may file an additional suit for
asbestos cancer if he develops the cancer at a later time. The court’s
decision overrules a long history in which Texas courts ruled that
people may file only one lawsuit for an asbestos-related injury, even
when they develop a second, catastrophic asbestos cancer afterwards.
Another key asbestos case in the state took place in a case filed by
Texas mesothelioma attorneys in 1998. In Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp.
v. Malone, the Texas Supreme Court ruled held that a manufacturer of
products containing asbestoscould be held liable for punitive damages
even if it had earlier paid other punitive damages in other cases based
on the same wrongful conduct. Given the facts of Owens Corning’s
conduct, the court found that the punitive damages awarded in the case
were neither unconstitutional nor excessive.
In addition to these precedent-setting cases, Texas has seen a number
of important pro-victim verdicts in asbestos cases. One of these was
the 2002 case Norfolk Southern Railway. Co. v. Bailey. In this case, the
Texas Court of Appeals in Austin upheld a substantial verdict awarded
to a railroad worker who had developed asbestosis. The court rejected
the railroad’s argument that the lower court was wrong to allow the jury
to consider the worker’s fear of cancer when deciding on the damage
award, finding that the company had not lodged an adequate objection to
the evidence of cancer.
In another pro-plaintiff Texas mesothelioma lawsuit heard before the
Texas Court of Appeals in Austin, White v. CBS Corporation, the court
reversed a lower court’s summary judgment dismissing the claims of a
mesotheliomavictim’s widow against Westinghouse Electric Corporation.
The court of appeals found the summary judgment to be improper because
question remained regarding whether the Westinghouse-manufactured
turbines around which the widow’s husband worked were already annexed to
the property at the time of his exposure, a fact important to the
determination of whether the Texas statute of repose would apply.
Another important case took place in the Corpus Christi Texas Court
of Appeals Court filed by a mesothelioma in 1999. In that case, North
American Refractories Company v. Easter, the court affirmed substantial
damages for victims of asbestos disease and their wives. The court ruled
the evidence presented in the original case was sufficient to prove the
jury’s findings of fact and the amounts of the awards. The court also
stated that it was proper for the cases to have been tried together and
that the punitive damages awarded by the jury were not excessive.
As in many other states, Texas often is forced to consider where a
court case should properly be judged. In many cases, asbestos victims
who are exposed to asbestos in one area of the country eventually come
to live in another state, where the effects of their asbestos exposure
become known. In these cases, it can be difficult to determine which
court should examine the complaint. In the 1999 case Pittsburgh Corning
Corp. v. Walters, the Corpus Christi Court of Appeals affirmed a lower
court’s ruling in favor of a widow whose husband was diagnosed with
mesothelioma as a result of asbestos exposure. The court held that his
widow had the right to bring her wrongful death action in Texas even
though she and her husband resided elsewhere; that the lower court had
properly applied Texas law to the proceedings; that evidence was
properly admitted; and that the evidence presented at the original case
supported the damages awarded.
If you are interested in seeking a Texas mesothelioma settlement you
should know that Texas, like most other states has a statute of
limitations for personal injury claims. Determining when to start the
measuring of that time also varies from state to state so you may be
best served by contacting a mesothelioma lawyers as soon as possible
after a diagnosis is made. Wrongful death cases may also have a statute
of limitations and the same or different rules for determining when to
begin measuring. Whether or not your action is limited by statute, you
may still be eligible to present claims to bankruptcy trusts that have
billions of dollars for victims of asbestos.
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