Ovarian cancer: what is it?

In scientific terms, ovarian cancer is a cancerous growth in females that can arise from different parts of the ovary. The risk of developing ovarian cancer increases with age and decreases with each pregnancy. Symptoms can include back pain, constipation, tiredness, vaginal bleeding, and bloating, however these symptoms are non-specific. The best course of action is to see a doctor if you have any of these symptoms, especially if there is a family history of cancer. 

Causes of ovarian cancer

The cause of ovarian cancer is unknown, though there are a few factors that the disease is affected by. Hormonal changes due to medication have been shown to increase the chance of developing ovarian cancer. Family genetics also play a part, especially so if there is a family history of cancer. Studies have shown that those who imbibe large quantities of alcohol daily have an increased of ovarian cancer, along with many other health issues in the future. A recent study is also theorizing that consuming milk may also increase the risk of cancer.

Diagnosing ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer is very difficult to diagnose until later stages due to non-specific symptoms. During the testing stage of diagnosis, doctors may take blood tests in order to get a blood count, however this is not a 100% accurate way to tell if the patient indeed has ovarian cancer. In order to definitely diagnose, a procedure to look into the abdomen is needed. All suspicious areas are removed and taken to the lab for testing. This method is also used to determine the growth and stage of the cancer.

Ovarian cancer treatment

For some, surgery is possible to remove a tumor if the cancer is confined and not far spread. Chemotherapy may also be needed.  For those whose tumors are already widespread Chemotherapy is not an option, though surgery can be used to remove larger growths. More advanced stages require surgery, and as much cancer is removed as possible.

Prognosis of ovarian cancer patients

The prognosis of ovarian cancer is extremely poor due to the inability to identify the disease early.  More than 60 percent of all patients who have been diagnosed are already in the middle to late stages, where the cancer has already spread past the ovaries. For those who have ovarian cancer diagnosed early, the five-year survival rate is 92.7 percent.  For those in the later stages the chance is about 45.5 percent.